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Four-Faced Lingam
Nepal; 19th century
Silver; répoussé
Rubin Museum of Art
C2002.39.1 (HAR 65176)

The Lingam is the most ubiquitous symbol of Shaivism and the primary cult object worshipped in Shiva temples. Commonly represented in this symbolic form, Shiva is depicted as an erect phallus, referred to as a Lingam or Shivalingam. This form represents his regenerative and creative energy. In its simplest form, the Lingam is a plain columnar object with either a rounded or flattened top. The multi-faced Shivalingam, common in the Kathmandu Valley, has four faces, along with an abstract formless fifth face above. These five faces represent five aspects of the god along with five geographic holy places of India and Nepal.


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